Diversity of forms of socialization in science: Russian and world experience

The article reveals the main characteristics of modern process professional socialization novice scientists, as it proceeds in Russia comparison with foreign countries. It is shown that widespread view associated period postgraduate studies and preparation defence a dissertation for degree does not correspond to realities which can be both early (postgraduate) late (postdoctoral). At same time, while countries European Union, obtaining retains role necessary condition research position academic environment, share researchers without more than 70%, number decisions Ministry Education Science on issuing diploma those who defended their PhD theses steadily decreased 2010–2018. During designated period, Russian training system went through transformation change status studies, but instead desired approximation system, this led emergence unique combination features. countries, USA, China, Japan, etc., institute gradually shifting from postdoctoral studies. In configuration, contribute development independence, provide chance realize independence wider range tasks conducting defending research. state example, demonstrates under certain conditions turns into form precarious employment, breaking synonymy between recognition scientific community basis achievements stable social hierarchy. directions minimizing risk failure science are systematized, proved they lead an expansion diversity practices young scientist thereby transform transition situation itself. acquires prolonged and, due this, less labor- emotionally costly character.